CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION: HUNGARY AS THE „BASTION OF
CHRISTIANITY” 5

II. PROBLEMS OF THE ORGANISATION OF THE FRONTIER-
DEFENCE-SYSTEM IN HUNGARY 9

1. The construction of a new frontier-defence-system in Hungary 9

2. Financing and providing for border-defence 11

3. Consequences of the material help of Central Europe on the
control of the frontier-defence 17

4. One of the most important problems of the Habsburg
supreme command: the lack of knowledge of localities
and natural conditions in Hungary 18

5. Utilization of natural-geographic conditions in the formation
of the defence-network 20

III. MILITARY CARTOGRAPHY ON THE FRONTIERS
IN HUNGARY IN THE 16TH AND 17TH CENTURIES 29

1. Maps of some zones of defence-system 29

a. Problems of printed maps of Hungary 29

b. The manuscript-map of János Choron of the defence-zone
between the Danube and Lake Balaton (1563) 36

c. Maps of the Italian fortificator, Nicolo Angielini (1564–1566) 39

d. A map showing the frontier-defence-system of Hungary
to the Estates of the Holy Roman Empire (1570) 44

e. A Turkish map acquired by diplomatic intelligence service
of the Hungarian defence-zone around Kanizsa (1580) 46

f. A map-sketch of György Zrínyi depicting guard-posts in the
territory between the rivers Drava and Mura (1582) 50

g. Contributions to the maps of the Croatian Frontier (1586) 53

h. Maps of the newly organized defence-zone after the fall
of Kanizsa in the year 1600 (1600–1601,1604 and 1609) 56

i. The dawn of a new era: maps of the military engineer
Martin Stier (1657–1687) 60

2. A map of the borderfortress-system in Hungary (1594)
by the Italian fortificator Giovanni Jacobo Gasparini 77

a. The origin of the map 77

162b. The author 80

c. Important characteristics of the map 82

IV. EPILOGUE 89

V. APPENDIX TO GIOVANNI JACOBO GASPARINI’S MAP
OF THE BORDERFORTRESS-SYSTEM 93

1. Alphabetic Index of place-names and fortresses 93

2. Index to other geographic names appearing on the map
(rivers, lakes, regions) 99

3. Alphabetic Index to place-names and fortresses appearing
on the map, but according to their official names of 1913 100

4. Alphabetic Index to place-names and fortresses appearing
on the map, but according to their official names of today 106

VI. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SOURCES AND LITERATURE 113

1. List of abbreviations of archival sources 113

2. Published sources 115

3. Literature 116

VII. INDEX OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND SUPPLEMENTS 130

VIII. IN VERTEIDIGUNG EUROPAS:

MILITÄRKARTOGRAPHIE AUF DEM UNGARISCHEN KRIEGSSCHAUPLATZ DES HABSBURGERREICHES GEGEN
DIE OSMANEN IM 16. UND 17. JAHRHUNDERT
(Zusammenfassung) 137

IX. IN DEFENCE OF EUROPE:

MILITARY CARTOGRAPHY ON THE HUNGARIAN
FRONTIER OF THE HABSBURG EMPIRE
IN THE 16TH AND 17TH CENTURIES (Summary) 141

X. INDEX 141

1. Index of Places 141

2. Index of Names 151